Old Testament in the New Testament
- Old Testament in the New Testament
It was fundamental to the first Christians, being Jews, that their belief in the Messiahship of Jesus should be demonstrable from the
OT, the ‘oracles of God’ (
Rom. 3:2). Hence the frequent citations of
OT in the
NT. Much of the
NT argumentation follows the procedures of contemporary
Judaism, such as
midrash: the teaching about the
Bread [[➝ bread]] of Life in
John 6:25–59 is based on an
OT text resembling
Exod. 16:4. The gospel of
Matt. is especially emphatic in encouraging its readers to understand how Jesus was the fulfilment of the destiny of Israel. Thus
Matt. 2:13–15 describes how
Joseph took the family to
Egypt so that Jesus would escape the wrath of
Herod. This is a most unlikely piece of history, since the obvious way to flee would have been into the hills of
Galilee or the desert of
Judaea or to the east, not to make an enormous trek to Egypt. But Egypt was the place where the nation of Israel had sojourned and later returned to Palestine; Israel was God's ‘son’ (
Exod. 4:22). So
Matt. cites
Hos. 11:1 (‘out of Egypt I have called my son’) to prove a point. Just as Israel was God's son (and was disobedient), so Jesus is God's obedient son. In
Matt. 5–7 Jesus bases his moral teaching on the
OT and stretches it to the limit, and beyond, of human practicability.
All the gospels use the
OT to show how the
life,
death, and
resurrection of Jesus are fulfilments of the
OT; especially important are
Ps. 110:1 and
Ps. 118. The use of ‘
Son of Man’ derives from
Dan. 7:13, and
Isa. 53 is quoted to explain Jesus' suffering, while
Zech. 12:10 is used as a prophecy of the
crucifixion (
John 19:37). It was less easy to find allusions in the
OT to resurrection, but
Hos. 6:2 may have been used, though it is not quoted in the
NT, and possibly
Jonah 1:17 (
Matt. 12:40).
Typological [[➝ typology]] exegesis is used by Paul (
e.g. 1 Cor. 10:1–13) and
allegorical [[➝ allegory]] interpretation (
Gal. 4:21–31). The epistle to the Hebrews is one long exposition of the superiority of the new
covenant to the old.
Dictionary of the Bible.
Look at other dictionaries:
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